LISP programming

Lisp is a programming language that has been aged more than 40 years. Lisp excellence lies in its ability to manipulate symbols and relations between symbols with ease, so that this language in the field of Artificial Intelligence cocokdigunakan (AI) and decision making. However, this language can also be used to solve other problems. 
During its development, Lisp produce many variants and is the origin of other languages ​​(such as Logo and Smalltalk). On December 8, 1994 ANSI (American National Standards Institute) succeeded in standardizing Lisp, which was named ANSI Common Lisp.

EXPRESSION
The expression is a combination of operands and operators 
- Operands may be an appropriate value bertype operator, or the application function.
- Expression of functional: 
a) Expression of arithmetic, logic 
b) the conditional expression 
c) a recursive expression


RECURSIVE
Recursive Definition 
- Recursive: mathematical method that is the definition of a function contain the function itself. 
- Recursive: a function that calls itself and belong to the dynamic programming. 
- Recursive: an ability subroutine / subprogram to call her own. 
- Definition by Niclaus Wirth: "An object is said be recursive if it is partially consist or defines in terms of Itself"

A simple example of recursion process is the process of calculating the factorial value of positive integers

0!  = 1

N! = N x (N-1)! to N > 0

- If the modified dalamnotasi programming:
Factorial (0) = 1 1)
Factorial (N) = N * factorial (N-1) 2)
Equation 2) above is an example of the relationship rekurens (recurrence relations),
which means that the value of a function with certain arguments can be calculated from
functions similar to a smaller argument.

Equation 1) is not recursive, called the initial value. Each function recursion
at least have an initial value, if not, the function can not be calculated explicitly. 

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